# Using Zend_Locale

Zend_Locale also provides localized information about locales for each locale, including localized names for other locales, days of the week, month names, etc.

## Copying, Cloning, and Serializing Locale Objects

Use object cloning to duplicate a locale object exactly and efficiently. Most locale-aware methods also accept string representations of locales, such as the result of `$locale->toString()`.

clone

    $locale = new Zend_Locale('ar');

    // Save the $locale object as a serialization
    $serializedLocale = $locale->serialize();
    // re-create the original object
    $localeObject = unserialize($serializedLocale);

    // Obtain a string identification of the locale
    $stringLocale = $locale->toString();

    // Make a cloned copy of the $local object
    $copiedLocale = clone $locale;

    print "copied: ", $copiedLocale->toString();

    // PHP automatically calls toString() via __toString()
    print "copied: ", $copiedLocale;

## Equality

Zend_Locale also provides a convenience function to compare two locales. All locale-aware classes should provide a similar equality check.

Check for equal locales

    $locale = new Zend_Locale();
    $mylocale = new Zend_Locale('en_US');

    // Check if locales are equal
    if ($locale->equals($mylocale)) {
        print "Locales are equal";
    }

## Default locales

The method getDefault() returns an array of relevant locales using information from the user's web browser (if available), information from the environment of the host server, and Zend Framework settings. As with the constructor for Zend_Locale, the first parameter selects a preference of which information to consider (`BROWSER`, `ENVIRONMENT`, or `FRAMEWORK` first. The second parameter toggles between returning all matching locales or only the first or best match. Locale-aware components normally use only the first locale. A quality rating is included, when available.

Get default locales

    $locale = new Zend_Locale();

    // Return all default locales
    $found = $locale->getDefault();
    print_r($found);

    // Return only browser locales
    $found2 = $locale->getDefault(Zend_Locale::BROWSER,TRUE);
    print_r($found2);

To obtain only the default locales relevant to the `BROWSER`, `ENVIRONMENT`, or `FRAMEWORK`, use the corresponding method:

- getEnvironment()

- getBrowser()

- getLocale()

## Set a new locale

A new locale can be set with the function setLocale(). This function takes a locale string as parameter. If no locale is given, a locale is automatically selected.

setLocale

    $locale = new Zend_Locale();

    // Actual locale
    print $locale->toString();

    // new locale
    $locale->setLocale('aa_DJ');
    print $locale->toString();

## Getting the language and region

Use getLanguage() to obtain a string containing the two character language code from the string locale identifier. Use getRegion() to obtain a string containing the two character region code from the string locale identifier.

getLanguage and getRegion

    $locale = new Zend_Locale();

    // if locale is 'de_AT' then 'de' will be returned as language
    print $locale->getLanguage();

    // if locale is 'de_AT' then 'AT' will be returned as region
    print $locale->getRegion();

## Get the locale by giving a territory

When you only have the territory or country then it's also possible to get a locale from that information. You can manually search if there is a locale for this territory by using getLocaleToTerritory(). This method returns a locale for the given territory or `NULL` when there was has no locale been found.

getLocaleToTerritory

    $locale = Zend_Locale::getLocaleToTerritory('US');
    // returns 'en_US'

Uppercase territories

When you know that you are using a territory, then you should uppercase it. Otherwise you could get an in your eyes false locale in return when you use other methods. For example: When you give "om" then getLocaleToTerritory() returns you "ar_OM" as it knows that you mean a territory. But all other methods will return "om", as it's also a language.

So when you know that the given string is a territory, eighter use getLocaleToTerritory() yourself before creating a locale, or uppercase the input.

## Obtaining localized strings

getTranslationList() gives you access to localized information of several types. These information are useful if you want to display localized data to a customer without the need of translating it. They are already available for your usage.

The requested list of information is always returned as named array. If you want to give more than one value to a explicit type where you wish to receive values from, you have to give an array instead of multiple values.

getTranslationList

    $list = Zend_Locale::getTranslationList('language', 'de_AT');

    print_r ($list);
    // example key -> value pairs...
    // [de] -> Deutsch
    // [en] -> Englisch

    // use one of the returned key as value for the getTranslation() method
    // of another language
    print Zend_Locale::getTranslation('de', 'language', 'zh');
    // returns the translation for the language 'de' in chinese

You can receive this information for all languages. But not all information is completely available for all languages. Some of these types are also available through an own function for simplicity. See this list for detailed information.

Details for getTranslationList($type = null, $locale = null, $value = null)

Type | Description
--- | ---
Language | Returns a localized list of all languages. The language part of the locale is returned as key and the translation as value
Script | Returns a localized list of all scripts. The script is returned as key and the translation as value
Territory | Returns a localized list of all territories. This contains countries, continents and territories. To get only territories and continents use '1' as value. To get only countries use '2' as value. The country part of the locale is used as key where applicable. In the other case the official ISO code for this territory is used. The translated territory is returned as value. When you omit the value you will get a list with both.
Variant | Returns a localized list of known variants of scripts. The variant is returned as key and the translation as value
Key | Returns a localized list of known keys. This keys are generic values used in translation. These are normally calendar, collation and currency. The key is returned as array key and the translation as value
Type | Returns a localized list of known types of keys. These are variants of types of calendar representations and types of collations. When you use 'collation' as value you will get all types of collations returned. When you use 'calendar' as value you will get all types of calendars returned. When you omit the value you will get a list all both returned. The type is used as key and the translation as value
Layout | Returns a list of rules which describes how to format special text parts
Characters | Returns a list of allowed characters within this locale
Delimiters | Returns a list of allowed quoting characters for this locale
Measurement | Returns a list of known measurement values. This list is depreciated
Months | Returns a list of all month representations within this locale. There are several different representations which are all returned as sub array. If you omit the value you will get a list of all months from the 'gregorian' calendar returned. You can give any known calendar as value to get a list of months from this calendar returned. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Month | Returns a localized list of all month names for this locale. If you omit the value you will get the normally used gregorian full name of the months where each month number is used as key and the translated month is returned as value. You can get the months for different calendars and formats if you give an array as value. The first array entry has to be the calendar, the second the used context and the third the width to return. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Days | Returns a list of all day representations within this locale. There are several different representations which are all returned as sub array. If you omit the value you will get a list of all days from the 'gregorian' calendar returned. You can give any known calendar as value to get a list of days from this calendar returned. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Day | Returns a localized list of all day names for this locale. If you omit the value you will get the normally used gregorian full name of the days where the english day abbreviation is used as key and the translated day is returned as value. You can get the days for different calendars and formats if you give an array as value. The first array entry has to be the calendar, the second the used context and the third the width to return. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Week | Returns a list of values used for proper week calculations within a locale. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Quarters | Returns a list of all quarter representations within this locale. There are several different representations which are all returned as sub array. If you omit the value you will get a list of all quarters from the 'gregorian' calendar returned. You can give any known calendar as value to get a list of quarters from this calendar returned
Quarter | Returns a localized list of all quarter names for this locale. If you omit the value you will get the normally used gregorian full name of the quarters where each quarter number is used as key and the translated quarter is returned as value. You can get the quarters for different calendars and formats if you give an array as value. The first array entry has to be the calendar, the second the used context and the third the width to return
Eras | Returns a list of all era representations within this locale. If you omit the value you will get a list of all eras from the 'gregorian' calendar returned. You can give any known calendar as value to get a list of eras from this calendar returned
Era | Returns a localized list of all era names for this locale. If you omit the value you will get the normally used gregorian full name of the eras where each era number is used as key and the translated era is returned as value. You can get the eras for different calendars and formats if you give an array as value. The first array entry has to be the calendar and the second the width to return
Date | Returns a localized list of all date formats for this locale. The name of the dateformat is used as key and the format itself as value.If you omit the value you will get the date formats for the gregorian calendar returned. You can get the date formats for different calendars if you give the wished calendar as string. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Time | Returns a localized list of all time formats for this locale. The name of the timeformat is used as key and the format itself as value. If you omit the value you will get the time formats for the gregorian calendar returned. You can get the time formats for different calendars if you give the wished calendar as string. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
DateTime | Returns a localized list of all known date-time formats for this locale. The name of the date-time format is used as key and the format itself as value. If you omit the value you will get the date-time formats for the gregorian calendar returned. You can get the date-time formats for different calendars if you give the wished calendar as string. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
DateItem | Returns a list of default formats for given date or time items
DateInterval | Returns a list of date or time formats which are used when you want to display intervals. The list is a multidimentional array where the first dimension is the interval format, and the second dimension is the token with the greatest difference.
Field | Returns a localized list of date fields which can be used to display calendars or date strings like 'month' or 'year' in a wished language. If you omit the value you will get this list for the gregorian calendar returned. You can get the list for different calendars if you give the wished calendar as string
Relative | Returns a localized list of relative dates which can be used to display textual relative dates like 'yesterday' or 'tomorrow' in a wished language. If you omit the value you will get this list for the gregorian calendar returned. You can get the list for different calendars if you give the wished calendar as string
Symbols | Returns a localized list of characters used for number representations
NameToCurrency | Returns a localized list of names for currencies. The currency is used as key and the translated name as value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
CurrencyToName | Returns a list of currencies for localized names. The translated name is used as key and the currency as value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
CurrencySymbol | Returns a list of known localized currency symbols for currencies. The currency is used as key and the symbol as value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
Question | Returns a list of localized strings for acceptance ('yes') and negation ('no'). Use Zend_Locale's getQuestion method for simplicity
CurrencyFraction | Returns a list of fractions for currency values. The currency is used as key and the fraction as integer value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
CurrencyRounding | Returns a list of how to round which currency. The currency is used as key and the rounding as integer value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
CurrencyToRegion | Returns a list of currencies which are known to be used within a region. The `ISO3166` value ('region') is used as array key and the `ISO4217` value ('currency') as array value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
RegionToCurrency | Returns a list of regions where a currency is used . The `ISO4217` value ('currency') is used as array key and the `ISO3166` value ('region') as array value. When a currency is used in several regions these regions are separated with a whitespace. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
RegionToTerritory | Returns a list of territories with the countries or sub territories which are included within that territory. The ISO territory code ('territory') is used as array key and the `ISO3166` value ('region') as array value. When a territory contains several regions these regions are separated with a whitespace
TerritoryToRegion | Returns a list of regions and the territories where these regions are located. The `ISO3166` code ('region') is used as array key and the ISO territory code ('territory') as array value. When a region is located in several territories these territories are separated with a whitespace
ScriptToLanguage | Returns a list of scripts which are used within a language. The language code is used as array key and the script code as array value. When a language contains several scripts these scripts are separated with a whitespace
LanguageToScript | Returns a list of languages which are using a script. The script code is used as array key and the language code as array value. When a script is used in several languages these languages are separated with a whitespace
TerritoryToLanguage | Returns a list of languages and the countries where they are spoken. The language is used as array key and the country code as array value. When a language is used in several countries these countries are separated with a whitespace
LanguageToTerritory | Returns a list of countries and the languages which are spoken within them. The country code is used as array key and the language code as array value. When several languages are spoken within a territory then these languages are separated with a whitespace
TimezoneToWindows | Returns a list of windows timezones and the related ISO timezone. The windows timezone is used as array key and the ISO timezone as array value
WindowsToTimezone | Returns a list of ISO timezones and the related windows timezone. The ISO timezone is used as array key and the windows timezone as array value
TerritoryToTimezone | Returns a list of regions or territories and the related ISO timezone. The ISO timezone is used as array key and the territory code as array value
TimezoneToTerritory | Returns a list of timezones and the related region or territory code. The region or territory code is used as array key and the ISO timezone as array value
CityToTimezone | Returns a localized list of cities which can be used as translation for a related timezone. Not for all timezones is a translation available, but for a user is the real city written in his languages more accurate than the ISO name of this timezone. The ISO timezone is used as array key and the translated city as array value
TimezoneToCity | Returns a list of timezones for localized city names. The localized city is used as array key and the ISO timezone name as array value
PhoneToTerritory | Returns a list of phone codes which are known to be used within a territory. The territory (region) is used as array key and the telephone code as array value
TerritoryToPhone | Returns a list of territories where a phone is used . The phone code is used as array key and the territory (region) as array value. When a phone code is used in several territories these territories are separated with a whitespace
NumericToTerritory | Returns a list of 3 digit number codes for territories. The territory (region) is used as array key and the 3 digit number code as array value
TerritoryToNumeric | Returns a list of territories with their 3 digit number code. The 3 digit number code is used as array key and the territory (region) as array value
Alpha3ToTerritory | Returns a list of 3 sign character codes for territories. The territory (region) is used as array key and the 3 sign character code as array value
TerritoryToAlpha3 | Returns a list of territories with their 3 sign character code. The 3 sign character code is used as array key and the territory (region) as array value
PostalToTerritory | Returns a list of territories with a regex for postal codes which are included within that territory. The ISO territory code ('territory') is used as array key and the regex as array value.
NumberingSystem | Returns a list of scripts with the notation for digits used within the script
FallbackToChar | Returns a list of replacement characters for often used unicode characters. This can be used to replace "©" with "(C)" for example
CharToFallback | Returns a list of unicode characters for often used replacement characters. This can be used to replace "(C)" with "©" for example
LocaleUpgrade | Returns a list of locale dependencies which can be used to upgrade a language to a full qualified locale
Unit | Returns a list of localized calendar units. This can be used to translate the strings "day", "month" and so on automatically

If you are in need of a single translated value, you can use the getTranslation() method. It always returns a string but it accepts some different types than the getTranslationList() method. Also value is the same as before with one difference. You have to give the detail you want to get returned as additional value.

Because you have almost always give a value as detail this parameter has to be given as first parameter. This differs from the getTranslationList() method.

See the following table for detailed information:

Details for getTranslation($value = null, $type = null, $locale = null)

Type | Description
--- | ---
Language | Returns a translation for a language. To select the wished translation you must give the language code as value
Script | Returns a translation for a script. To select the wished translation you must give the script code as value
Territory or Country | Returns a translation for a territory. This can be countries, continents and territories. To select the wished variant you must give the territory code as value
Variant | Returns a translation for a script variant. To select the wished variant you must give the variant code as value
Key | Returns translation for a known keys. This keys are generic values used in translation. These are normally calendar, collation and currency. To select the wished key you must give the key code as value
DefaultCalendar | Returns the default calendar for the given locale. For most locales this will be 'gregorian'. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
MonthContext | Returns the default context for months which is used within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
DefaultMonth | Returns the default format for months which is used within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Month | Returns a translation for a month. You have to give the number of the month as integer value. It has to be between 1 and 12. If you want to receive data for other calendars, contexts or formats, then you must give an array instead of an integer with the expected values. The array has to look like this: `array( 'calendar', 'context', 'format', 'month number')`. If you give only an integer then the default values are the 'gregorian' calendar, the context 'format' and the format 'wide'. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
DayContext | Returns the default context for ´days which is used within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
DefaultDay | Returns the default format for days which is used within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Day | Returns a translation for a day. You have to give the english abbreviation of the day as string value ('sun', 'mon', etc.). If you want to receive data for other calendars, contexts or format, then you must give an array instead of an integer with the expected values. The array has to look like this: array('calendar', 'context', 'format', 'day abbreviation'). If you give only an string then the default values are the 'gregorian' calendar, the context 'format' and the format 'wide'. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Quarter | Returns a translation for a quarter. You have to give the number of the quarter as integer and it has to be between 1 and 4. If you want to receive data for other calendars, contexts or formats, then you must give an array instead of an integer with the expected values. The array has to look like this: array('calendar', 'context', 'format', 'quarter number'). If you give only an string then the default values are the 'gregorian' calendar, the context 'format' and the format 'wide'
Am | Returns translation for 'AM' in the expected locale. If you want to receive data for other calendars provide a string with the expected calendar. If you omit the value then the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Pm | Returns translation for 'PM' in the expected locale. If you want to receive data for other calendars provide a string with the expected calendar. If you omit the value then the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Era | Returns a translation for an era within a locale. You have to give the era number as string or integer. If you want to receive data for other calendars or formats, then you must give an array instead of the era number with the expected values. The array has to look like this: array('calendar', 'format', 'era number'). If you give only a string then the default values are the 'gregorian' calendar and the 'abbr' format
DefaultDate | Returns the default date format which is used within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Date | Returns the date format for a given calendar or format within a locale. If you omit the value then the 'gregorian' calendar will be used with the 'medium' format. If you give a string then the 'gregorian' calendar will be used with the given format. Or you can also give an array which will have to look like this: array('calendar', 'format'). Use Zend_Date for simplicity
DefaultTime | Returns the default time format which is used within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
Time | Returns the time format for a given calendar or format within a locale. If you omit the value then the 'gregorian' calendar will be used with the 'medium' format. If you give a string then the 'gregorian' calendar will be used with the given format. Or you can also give an array which will have to look like this: array('calendar', 'format'). Use Zend_Date for simplicity
DateTime | Returns the datetime format for the given locale which indicates how to display date with times in the same string within the given calendar. If you omit the value the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. Use Zend_Date for simplicity
DateItem | Returns the default format for a given date or time item
DateInterval | Returns the interval format for a given date or time format. The first value is the calendar format, normally 'gregorian'. The second value is the interval format and the third value the token with the greatest difference. For example: array('gregorian', 'yMMMM', 'y') returns the interval format for the date format 'yMMMM' where 'y' has the greatest difference.
Field | Returns a translated date field which can be used to display calendars or date strings like 'month' or 'year' in a wished language. You must give the field which has to be returned as string. In this case the 'gregorian' calendar will be used. You can get the field for other calendar formats if you give an array which has to look like this: array('calendar', 'date field')
Relative | Returns a translated date which is relative to today which can include date strings like 'yesterday' or 'tomorrow' in a wished language. You have to give the number of days relative to tomorrow to receive the expected string. Yesterday would be '-1', tomorrow '1' and so on. This will use the 'gregorian' calendar. if you want to get relative dates for other calendars you will have to give an array which has to look like this: array('calendar', 'relative days'). Use Zend_Date for simplicity
DecimalNumber | Returns the format for decimal numbers within a given locale. Use Zend_Locale_Format for simplicity
ScientificNumber | Returns the format for scientific numbers within a given locale
PercentNumber | Returns the format for percentage numbers within a given locale
CurrencyNumber | Returns the format for displaying currency numbers within a given locale. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
NameToCurrency | Returns the translated name for a given currency. The currency has to be given in ISO format which is for example 'EUR' for the currency 'euro'. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
CurrencyToName | Returns a currency for a given localized name. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
CurrencySymbol | Returns the used symbol for a currency within a given locale. Not for all currencies exists a symbol. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
Question | Returns a localized string for acceptance ('yes') and negation ('no'). You have to give either 'yes' or 'no' as value to receive the expected string. Use Zend_Locale's getQuestion method for simplicity
CurrencyFraction | Returns the fraction to use for a given currency. You must give the currency as ISO value. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
CurrencyRounding | Returns how to round a given currency. You must give the currency as ISO value. If you omit the currency then the 'DEFAULT' rounding will be returned. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
CurrencyToRegion | Returns the currency for a given region. The region code has to be given as `ISO3166` string for example 'AT' for austria. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
RegionToCurrency | Returns the regions where a currency is used. The currency has to be given as `ISO4217` code for example 'EUR' for euro. When a currency is used in multiple regions, these regions are separated with a whitespace character. Use Zend_Currency for simplicity
RegionToTerritory | Returns the regions for a given territory. The territory has to be given as `ISO4217` string for example '001' for world. The regions within this territory are separated with a whitespace character
TerritoryToRegion | Returns the territories where a given region is located. The region has to be given in `ISO3166` string for example 'AT' for austria. When a region is located in multiple territories then these territories are separated with a whitespace character
ScriptToLanguage | Returns the scripts which are used within a given language. The language has to be given as ISO language code for example 'en' for english. When multiple scripts are used within a language then these scripts are separated with a whitespace character
LanguageToScript | Returns the languages which are used within a given script. The script has to be given as ISO script code for example 'Latn' for latin. When a script is used in multiple languages then these languages are separated with a whitespace character
TerritoryToLanguage | Returns the territory where a given language is used. The language has to be given as ISO language code for example 'en' for english. When the given language is spoken within multiple territories then these territories are separated with a whitespace character
LanguageToTerritory | Returns the language which is spoken within a given territory. The territory has to be given as `ISO3166` code for example 'IT' for italia. When multiple languages are spoken within the given territory then these languages are separated with a whitespace character
TimezoneToWindows | Returns a ISO timezone for a given windows timezone
WindowsToTimezone | Returns a windows timezone for a given ISO timezone
TerritoryToTimezone | Returns the territory for a given ISO timezone
TimezoneToTerritory | Returns the ISO timezone for a given territory
CityToTimezone | Returns the localized city for a given ISO timezone. Not for all timezones does a city translation exist
TimezoneToCity | Returns the ISO timezone for a given localized city name. Not for all cities does a timezone exist
PhoneToTerritory | Returns the telephone code for a given territory (region). The territory code has to be given as `ISO3166` string for example 'AT' for austria
TerritoryToPhone | Returns the territory (region) where a telephone code is used. The telephone code has to be given as plain integer code for example '43' for +43. When a telephone code is used in multiple territories (regions), these territories are separated with a whitespace character
NumericToTerritory | Returns the 3 digit number code for a given territory (region). The territory code has to be given as `ISO3166` string for example 'AT' for austria
TerritoryToNumeric | Returns the territory (region) for a 3 digit number code. The 3 digit number code has to be given as plain integer code for example '43'
Alpha3ToTerritory | Returns the 3 sign character code for a given territory (region). The territory code has to be given as `ISO3166` string for example 'AT' for austria
TerritoryToAlpha3 | Returns the territory (region) for a 3 sign character code
PostalToTerritory | Returns the a regex for postal codes for a given territory. The territory has to be given as `ISO4217` string for example '001' for world
NumberingSystem | Returns a scripts with the notation for digits used within this script
FallbackToChar | Returns a replacement character for a often used unicode character. This can be used to replace "©" with "(C)" for example
CharToFallback | Returns a unicode character for a often used replacement character. This can be used to replace "(C)" with "©" for example
LocaleUpgrade | Returns a locale dependencies for a given language which can be used to upgrade this language to a full qualified locale
Unit | Returns a localized calendar unit. This can be used to translate the strings "day", "month" and so on automatically. The first parameter has to be the type, and the second parameter has to be the count

With Zend Framework 1.5 several old types have been renamed. This has to be done because of several new types, some misspelling and to increase the usability. See this table for a list of old to new types:

Differences between Zend Framework 1.0 and 1.5

Old type | New type
--- | ---
Country | Territory (with value '2')
Calendar | Type (with value 'calendar')
Month_Short | Month (with array('gregorian', 'format', 'abbreviated')
Month_Narrow | Month (with array('gregorian', 'stand-alone', 'narrow')
Month_Complete | Months
Day_Short | Day (with array('gregorian', 'format', 'abbreviated')
Day_Narrow | Day (with array('gregorian', 'stand-alone', 'narrow')
DateFormat | Date
TimeFormat | Time
Timezones | CityToTimezone
Currency | NameToCurrency
Currency_Sign | CurrencySymbol
Currency_Detail | CurrencyToRegion
Territory_Detail | TerritoryToRegion
Language_Detail | LanguageToTerritory

The example below demonstrates how to obtain the names of things in different languages.

getTranslationList

    // prints the names of all countries in German language
    print_r(Zend_Locale::getTranslationList('country', 'de'));

The next example shows how to find the name of a language in another language, when the two letter iso country code is not known.

Converting country name in one language to another

    $code2name = Zend_Locale::getLanguageTranslationList('en_US');
    $name2code = array_flip($code2name);
    $frenchCode = $name2code['French'];
    echo Zend_Locale::getLanguageTranslation($frenchCode, 'de_AT');
    // output is the German name of the French language

To generate a list of all languages known by Zend_Locale, with each language name shown in its own language, try the example below in a web page. Similarly, getCountryTranslationList() and getCountryTranslation() could be used to create a table mapping your native language names for regions to the names of the regions shown in another language. Use a `try .. catch` block to handle exceptions that occur when using a locale that does not exist. Not all languages are also locales. In the example, below exceptions are ignored to prevent early termination.

All Languages written in their native language

    $list = Zend_Locale::getLanguageTranslationList('auto');

    foreach($list as $language => $content) {
        try {
            $output = Zend_Locale::getLanguageTranslation($language, $language);
            if (is_string($output)) {
                print "\n<br>[".$language."] ".$output;
            }
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            continue;
        }
    }

## Obtaining translations for "yes" and "no"

Frequently, programs need to solicit a "yes" or "no" response from the user. Use getQuestion() to obtain an array containing the correct word(s) or regex strings to use for prompting the user in a particular $locale (defaults to the current object's locale). The returned array will contain the following information :

- yes and no: A generic string representation for yes and no responses. This will contain the first and most generic response from yesarray and noarray.

  yesarray and noarray: An array with all known yes and no responses. Several languages have more than just two responses. In general this is the full string and its abbreviation.

  yesexpr and noexpr: A generated regex which allows you to handle user response, and search for yes or no.

All of this information are of course localized and depend on the set locale. See the following example for the information you can receive:

getQuestion()

    $locale = new Zend_Locale();
    // Question strings
    print_r($locale->getQuestion('de'));

    - - - Output - - -

    Array
    (
        [yes] => ja
        [no] => nein
        [yesarray] => Array
            (
                [0] => ja
                [1] => j
            )

        [noarray] => Array
            (
                [0] => nein
                [1] => n
            )

        [yesexpr] => ^([jJ][aA]?)|([jJ]?)
        [noexpr] => ^([nN]([eE][iI][nN])?)|([nN]?)
    )

Until 1.0.3 yesabbr from the underlaying locale data was also available. Since 1.5 this information is no longer standalone available, but you will find the information from it within yesarray.

## Get a list of all known locales

Sometimes you will want to get a list of all known locales. This can be used for several tasks like the creation of a selectbox. For this purpose you can use the static getLocaleList() method which will return a list of all known locales.

getLocaleList()

    $localelist = Zend_Locale::getLocaleList();

Note that the locales are returned as key of the array you will receive. The value is always a boolean `TRUE`.

## Detecting locales

When you want to detect if a given input, regardless of its source, is a locale you should use the static isLocale() method. The first parameter of this method is the string which you want to check.

Simple locale detection

    $input = 'to_RU';
    if (Zend_Locale::isLocale($input)) {
        print "'{$input}' is a locale";
    } else {
        print "Sorry... the given input is no locale";
    }

As you can see, the output of this method is always a boolean. There is only one reason you could get an exception when calling this method. When your system does not provide any locale and Zend Framework is not able to detect it automatically. Normally this shows that there is a problem with your OS in combination with PHP's setlocale().

You should also note that any given locale string will automatically be degraded if the region part does not exist for this locale. In our previous example the language 'to' does not exist in the region 'RU', but you will still get `TRUE` returned as Zend_Locale can work with the given input.

Still it's sometimes useful to prevent this automatic degrading, and this is where the second parameter of isLocale() comes in place. The strict parameter defaults to `FALSE` and can be used to prevent degrading when set to `TRUE`.

Strict locale detection

    $input = 'to_RU';
    if (Zend_Locale::isLocale($input, true)) {
        print "'{$input}' is a locale";
    } else {
        print "Sorry... the given input is no locale";
    }

Now that you are able to detect if a given string is a locale you could add locale aware behaviour to your own classes. But you will soon detect that this always leads to the same 15 lines of code. Something like the following example:

Implement locale aware behaviour

    if ($locale === null) {
        $locale = new Zend_Locale();
    }

    if (!Zend_Locale::isLocale($locale, true, false)) {
        if (!Zend_Locale::isLocale($locale, false, false)) {
            throw new Zend_Locale_Exception(
                "The locale '$locale' is no known locale");
        }

        $locale = new Zend_Locale($locale);
    }

    if ($locale instanceof Zend_Locale) {
        $locale = $locale->toString();
    }

With Zend Framework 1.8 we added a static findLocale() method which returns a locale string which you can work with. It processes the following tasks:

- Detects if a given string is a locale

- Degrades the locale if it does not exist in the given region

- Upgrades the locale when it is detected as region without language

- Returns a previous set application wide locale if no input is given

- Detects the locale from browser when the previous detections failed

- Detects the locale from environment when the previous detections failed

- Detects the locale from framework when the previous detections failed

- Returns always a string which represents the found locale.

The following example shows how these checks and the above code can be simplified with one single call:

Locale aware behaviour as with Zend Framework 1.8

    $locale = Zend_Locale::findLocale($inputstring);