# Standard Form Decorators Shipped With Zend Framework

Zend_Form ships with several standard decorators. For more information on general decorator usage, see the Decorators section.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_Callback

The Callback decorator can execute an arbitrary callback to render content. Callbacks should be specified via the 'callback' option passed in the decorator configuration, and can be any valid PHP callback type. Callbacks should accept three arguments, `$content` (the original content passed to the decorator), `$element` (the item being decorated), and an array of `$options`. As an example callback:

    class Util
    {
        public static function label($content, $element, array $options)
        {
            return '<span class="label">' . $element->getLabel() . "</span>";
        }
    }

This callback would be specified as array('Util', 'label'), and would generate some (bad) HTML markup for the label. The Callback decorator would then either replace, append, or prepend the original content with the return value of this.

The Callback decorator allows specifying a `NULL` value for the placement option, which will replace the original content with the callback return value; 'prepend' and 'append' are still valid as well.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_Captcha

The Captcha decorator is for use with the CAPTCHA form element. It utilizes the CAPTCHA adapter's render() method to generate the output.

A variant on the Captcha decorator, 'Captcha_Word', is also commonly used, and creates two elements, an id and input. The id indicates the session identifier to compare against, and the input is for the user verification of the CAPTCHA. These are validated as a single element.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_Description

The Description decorator can be used to display a description set on a Zend_Form, Zend_Form_Element, or Zend_Form_DisplayGroup item; it pulls the description using the object's getDescription() method. Common use cases are for providing UI hints for your elements.

By default, if no description is present, no output is generated. If the description is present, then it is wrapped in an HTML p tag by default, though you may specify a tag by passing a tag option when creating the decorator, or calling setTag(). You may additionally specify a class for the tag using the class option or by calling setOption('class', 'foo'); by default, the class 'hint' is used.

The description is escaped using the view object's escaping mechanisms by default. You can disable this by passing a `FALSE` value to the decorator's 'escape' option or setEscape() method.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_DtDdWrapper

The default decorators utilize definition lists (<dl>) to render form elements. Since form items can appear in any order, display groups and sub forms can be interspersed with other form items. To keep these particular item types within the definition list, the DtDdWrapper creates a new, empty definition term (<dt>) and wraps its content in a new definition datum (<dd>). The output looks something like this:

    <dt></dt>
    <dd><fieldset id="subform">
        <legend>User Information</legend>
        ...
    </fieldset></dd>

This decorator replaces the content provided to it by wrapping it within the <dd> element.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_Errors

Element errors get their own decorator with the Errors decorator. This decorator proxies to the FormErrors view helper, which renders error messages in an unordered list (<ul>) as list items. The <ul> element receives a class of "errors".

The Errors decorator can either prepend or append the content provided to it.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_Fieldset

Display groups and sub forms render their content within fieldsets by default. The Fieldset decorator checks for either a 'legend' option or a getLegend() method in the registered element, and uses that as a legend if non-empty. Any content passed in is wrapped in the HTML fieldset, replacing the original content. Any attributes set in the decorated item are passed to the fieldset as HTML attributes.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_File

File Elements have special notation when you use multiple file elements or subforms. The File decorator is used by Zend_Form_Element_File and allows to set multiple file elements with only a single methodcall. It is used automatically and fixes the elements name.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_Form

Zend_Form objects typically need to render an HTML form tag. The Form decorator proxies to the Form view helper. It wraps any provided content in an HTML form element, using the Zend_Form object's action and method, and any attributes as HTML attributes.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_FormElements

Forms, display groups, and sub forms are collections of elements. In order to render these elements, they utilize the FormElements decorator, which iterates through all items, calling render() on each and joining them with the registered separator. It can either append or prepend content passed to it.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_FormErrors

Some developers and designers prefer to group all error messages at the top of the form. The FormErrors decorator allows you to do this.

By default, the generated list of errors has the following markup:

    <ul class="form-errors>
        <li><b>[element label or name]</b><ul>
                <li>[error message]</li>
                <li>[error message]</li>
            </ul>
        </li>
        <li><ul>
            <li><b>[subform element label or name</b><ul>
                    <li>[error message]</li>
                    <li>[error message]</li>
                </ul>
            </li>
        </ul></li>
    </ul>

You can pass in a variety of options to configure the generated output:

- ignoreSubForms: whether or not to disable recursion into subforms. Default value: `FALSE` (i.e., allow recursion).

- markupElementLabelEnd: Markup to append to element labels. Default value: '</b>'

- markupElementLabelStart: Markup to prepend to element labels. Default value: '<b>'

- markupListEnd: Markup to append error message lists with. Default value: '</ul>'.

- markupListItemEnd: Markup to append individual error messages with. Default value: '</li>'

- markupListItemStart: Markup to prepend individual error messages with. Default value: '<li>'

- markupListStart: Markup to append error message lists with. Default value: '<ul class="form-errors">'

The FormErrors decorator can either prepend or append the content provided to it.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_HtmlTag

The HtmlTag decorator allows you to utilize HTML tags to decorate content; the tag utilized is passed in the 'tag' option, and any other options are used as HTML attributes to that tag. The tag by default is assumed to be block level, and replaces the content by wrapping it in the given tag. However, you can specify a placement to append or prepend a tag as well.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_Image

The Image decorator allows you to create an HTML image input (<input type="image" ... />), and optionally render it within another HTML tag.

By default, the decorator uses the element's src property, which can be set with the setImage() method, as the image source. Additionally, the element's label will be used as the alt tag, and the imageValue (manipulated with the Image element's setImageValue() and getImageValue() accessors) will be used for the value.

To specify an HTML tag with which to wrap the element, either pass a 'tag' option to the decorator, or explicitly call setTag().

## Zend_Form_Decorator_Label

Form elements typically have labels, and the Label decorator is used to render these labels. It proxies to the FormLabel view helper, and pulls the element label using the getLabel() method of the element. If no label is present, none is rendered. By default, labels are translated when a translation adapter exists and a translation for the label exists.

You may optionally specify a 'tag' option; if provided, it wraps the label in that block-level tag. If the 'tag' option is present, and no label present, the tag is rendered with no content. You can specify the class to use with the tag with the 'class' option or by calling setTagClass().

Additionally, you can specify prefixes and suffixes to use when displaying the element, based on whether or not the label is for an optional or required element. Common use cases would be to append a ':' to the label, or a '*' indicating an item is required. You can do so with the following options and methods:

- optionalPrefix: set the text to prefix the label with when the element is optional. Use the setOptionalPrefix() and getOptionalPrefix() accessors to manipulate it.

- optionalSuffix: set the text to append the label with when the element is optional. Use the setOptionalSuffix() and getOptionalSuffix() accessors to manipulate it.

- requiredPrefix: set the text to prefix the label with when the element is required. Use the setRequiredPrefix() and getRequiredPrefix() accessors to manipulate it.

- requiredSuffix: set the text to append the label with when the element is required. Use the setRequiredSuffix() and getRequiredSuffix() accessors to manipulate it.

By default, the Label decorator prepends to the provided content; This can be controlled by specifying one of the following 'placement' options:

- PREPEND: render the label before the content.

- APPEND: render the label after the content.

- IMPLICIT_PREPEND: render the element inside the label tag, placing the label text before the content.

- IMPLICIT_APPEND: render the element inside the label tag, placing the label text after the content.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_PrepareElements

Forms, display groups, and sub forms are collections of elements. When using the ViewScript decorator with your form or sub form, it's useful to be able to recursively set the view object, translator, and all fully qualifid names (as determined by sub form array notation). The 'PrepareElements' decorator can do this for you. Typically, you will set it as the first decorator in the list.

    $form->setDecorators(array(
        'PrepareElements',
        array('ViewScript', array('viewScript' => 'form.phtml')),
    ));

## Zend_Form_Decorator_Tooltip

The Tooltip decorator translates the title attribute if it is available, if the translator is available and if the translator is not disable on the element being rendered.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_ViewHelper

Most elements utilize Zend_View helpers for rendering, and this is done with the ViewHelper decorator. With it, you may specify a 'helper' tag to explicitly set the view helper to utilize; if none is provided, it uses the last segment of the element's class name to determine the helper, prepending it with the string 'form': e.g., 'Zend_Form_Element_Text' would look for a view helper of 'formText'.

Any attributes of the provided element are passed to the view helper as element attributes.

By default, this decorator appends content; use the 'placement' option to specify alternate placement.

## Zend_Form_Decorator_ViewScript

Sometimes you may wish to use a view script for creating your elements; this way you can have fine-grained control over your elements, turn the view script over to a designer, or simply create a way to easily override setting based on which module you're using (each module could optionally override element view scripts to suit their own needs). The ViewScript decorator solves this problem.

The ViewScript decorator requires a 'viewScript' option, either provided to the decorator, or as an attribute of the element. It then renders that view script as a partial script, meaning each call to it has its own variable scope; no variables from the view will be injected other than the element itself. Several variables are then populated:

- element: the element being decorated

- content: the content passed to the decorator

- decorator: the decorator object itself

- Additionally, all options passed to the decorator via setOptions() that are not used internally (such as placement, separator, etc.) are passed to the view script as view variables.

As an example, you might have the following element:

    // Setting the decorator for the element to a single, ViewScript,
    // decorator, specifying the viewScript as an option, and some extra
    // options:
    $element->setDecorators(array(array('ViewScript', array(
        'viewScript' => '_element.phtml',
        'class'      => 'form element'
    ))));

    // OR specifying the viewScript as an element attribute:
    $element->viewScript = '_element.phtml';
    $element->setDecorators(array(array('ViewScript',
                                        array('class' => 'form element'))));

You could then have a view script something like this:

    <div class="<?php echo $this->class ?>">
        <?php echo $this->formLabel($this->element->getName(),
                             $this->element->getLabel()) ?>
        <?php echo $this->{$this->element->helper}(
            $this->element->getName(),
            $this->element->getValue(),
            $this->element->getAttribs()
        ) ?>
        <?php echo $this->formErrors($this->element->getMessages()) ?>
        <div class="hint"><?php echo $this->element->getDescription() ?></div>
    </div>

Replacing content with a view script

You may find it useful for the view script to replace the content provided to the decorator -- for instance, if you want to wrap it. You can do so by specifying a boolean `FALSE` value for the decorator's 'placement' option:

    // At decorator creation:
    $element->addDecorator('ViewScript', array('placement' => false));

    // Applying to an existing decorator instance:
    $decorator->setOption('placement', false);

    // Applying to a decorator already attached to an element:
    $element->getDecorator('ViewScript')->setOption('placement', false);

    // Within a view script used by a decorator:
    $this->decorator->setOption('placement', false);

Using the ViewScript decorator is recommended for when you want to have very fine-grained control over how your elements are rendered.